Slightly OT: So, tell me about chips....

TeeJay wrote on 7/14/2006, 8:07 AM
I'm interested to know if anyone has any links to resources about CCD chips, in particular how size affects picture quality etc...

I just did a concert shoot where i used my Sony PD170 and a Sony Z1 with both cams set to record in SD DVCAM.
Now, to my eye, the Z1 seemed like it maintained a better picture all round, but i believe they use the same size chips. I don't really know why this is so and am keen to learn a little more about it....

Another thing i'd like to learn more about is getting better use out of the camera settings such as Iris, Gain, AE Shift etc. The manuals for these cameras presume that you already know this stuff and tell you where the adjustment is on the camera without going in to what it actually does.

Any resources would be very helpful, not only to me but to other 'new' users.

Regards,

T

Comments

riredale wrote on 7/14/2006, 8:18 AM
Others on this Board can no doubt give greater detail than I can, but I think there are several factors--

(1) light sensitivity
The larger the imager, the greater the light sensitivity, all other things being equal. This would translate into a lower video noise level for larger chips.

(2) greater resolution
Given a "perfect" lens, an imager having the greater number of individual receptor sites (pixels) for a given area overall will be able to provide a better or "sharper" image up to the limits dictated by the nature of light itself (diffraction effects). There is a graph, called a Modulation Transfer Function, that shows in a simple way how all elements in a video system affect perceived sharpness. More pixels keeps the curve on that graph higher.

So, I would expect that both cameras would show roughly the same light sensitivity, but the HD camera chip would be able to capture much more detail and thus would show more "sharpness" even when internally down-converted to SD resolution. I would assume thet lens on the HD camera is better, also.
johnmeyer wrote on 7/14/2006, 8:34 AM
(3) Depth of field. Smaller imaging area = less depth of field. Thus, if you want to have backgrounds out of focus, you want a bigger sensor.
Coursedesign wrote on 7/14/2006, 9:31 AM
(1) light sensitivity)

It's not about the size of the imager, it's about the size of the individual pixels.

Larger pixels capture more light which creates a stronger signal which helps overcome the CCD noise floor, so if you compare a 1/3" SD camera with a 1/3" HD camera, the former will do better (all else being equal).

There are all kinds of tricks to help things along of course, including microlenses on each pixel, etc.

TeeJay wrote on 7/15/2006, 5:06 PM
Thanks Guys,

So, any resources for Camera settings?

Currently, I monitor with Serious Magic's HDV Rack, and I mess with the Camera's Iris, Gain, Shutter and AE Shift until the images look good, but I don't really understand the correlation between them all collectively, or what they actually do. The only thing I have a thorough grasp on is White Balancing, but would love to know more about getting the best out of the other controls.

Cheers,

T
GlennChan wrote on 7/15/2006, 8:48 PM
Somewhat relevant:
Some very good information on the menu settings for the Sony A1.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/whp/whp034-add19.shtml

The other publications on there cover many other cameras.
Serena wrote on 7/16/2006, 12:41 AM
There is very good information on the VASST site: see DSE's book on HDV where setting for various HDV cameras are discussed and results illustrated. Generally higher gain means more noise (because if your CCD receives insufficient photons to adequately fill each pixel well, you apply gain to boost the signal which also boosts the thermal signal noise sitting down there at the bottom of the well). So most else follows. In a concert scenario you're may be wanting to grab as many photons as possible, so open the aperture and use the lowest shutter speed appropriate (1/60 sec for 60i). In fact unless you're wanting to reduce motion blur there are few reasons to use higher shutter speeds and you could even try lower. Don't use too much sharpening and otherwise generally the default settings work well. With the Z1 you can add some black stretch. If you have a lot of light, don't close down the aperture too much (f/5.6 is a nice working aperture) because you start to degrade definition by diffraction.
As said above, the bigger the pixels the greater the number of photons that can fall in the well, but for a given size of chip bigger pixels mean lower resolution. But because pixels aren't jammed together there are means to gather photons that otherwise would fall on dead areas of the CCD, in which case the pixel gives better S/N than the strict comparison of pixel areas would suggest.

This is very quick & rough, but hopefully of some help.