Pretty confusing...
Well, not really.. like anything else in audio, there are reference levels. both dB and SPL. Do a search for 5-1 audio calibration parameters.
You will need a Pink Noise source generator (free in SF) and a SPL meter. (not free)
Maybe someone here can give you specific parameters. I don't have them at hand.
Cheers, RR
It's level is not sepatate completely - you set an appropriate level on the subwoofer itself with some test tones and a level meter ( or empirically), and leave/secure it (gaffer tape ?). In normal programme playback the level is ganged with the other channel levels from the playback device volume control.