Subtitle tips

alexz wrote on 8/14/2004, 4:47 AM
Hi,
I just thought I'd give some tips for anyone who's new to subtitling and needs to create subtitles for their project. I work as a translator/subtitler in Germany and I'm trying to figure out how to use Vegas as a digital subtitle generator.

Spotting (choosing the right in-out points):
It's better to start your subtitle on a cut (first frame of a scene), and end it on a cut (last frame of a scene. Where this is not possible (or wanted) start your title at least 8 frames after the cut, or end it at least 8 frames before a cut.
The main thing is, don't start a subtitle, like, 2 frames after a cut - it ends up looking 'jumpy', and it adversely affects the viewer's ability to read your subtitles. 'Smooth' subtitles are produced if you stick to the cuts and the 8-frame rule.

Dialogue
While still paying attention to where the cuts are, you should try to start your titles exactly where the dialogue starts. Don't start a subtitle more that 2 frames before the dialogue starts, and don't fade out a subtitle until the speaker has stopped talking. Titles can 'hang' for about a second after the speaker has finished speaking.
You'll need to compromise between cuts/dialogue sometimes, but usually the cut should take priority.

Time between subtitles.
Never put subtitles one after the other with, let's say, one frame between each title. That looks really bad, and it's horrible to read. As a rule of thumb, keep 8 frames between each subtitle, and try to keep this consistent throughout your project. If you stick to this rule, your subtitles will have a comfortable 'rhythm' as they appear on the screen, and not that horrible, jerky, chinese-pirate-copy look (where subtitles often appear 3 seconds too late, under the wrong speaker.

Duration of subtitles.
there's an easy set of guidelines for this:
Minimum length for a subtitle: 1 second (18 frames, if you're really desperate)
Maximum length: 6-7 seconds. More time is unnecessary, plus it distracts you from watching the film - and that's not the point of subtitles.

Tabel for Timing (approximate guidelines)
Subtitle length Text length
1 second up to 10 characters
3 seconds up to 40 characters
6 seconds up to 80 characters

Readability
Subtitles are different from most texts since they are 'helping' texts which need to be taken in with other visual and audio information. So try to keep your subtitles short, just get the essence of the dialogue.
The most common mistake I come across is that people are too precious about the dialogue and try to fit it ALL into the subtitles. The result is, for example, a 1.5 second subtitle with
"About this much text, if not a lot more"
in it. Try reading that in 1.5 seconds, while concentrating on what's happening on the screen!
Better would be 1.5 seconds
"with a little text".
That's more readable.

Subtitles are a compromise, but if you want your film to be enjoyable, don't disragrad the viewer: keep it short.

Hope it is of use to someone out there.

alexz

Comments

johnmeyer wrote on 8/14/2004, 11:06 AM
Great guide. Very useful.

I do note that some commercial subtitles appear slightly before the dialogue is spoken. This helps when there is a lot of dialog.

You don't mention position of subtitles. Some subtitles are put on the left and right of the screen (I just watched "Spy Games" last night and used the subtitles at times to help clarify some muddy dialog, and the subtitles were on the left of the screen for one character and on the right for the other).

Subtitle size and color is another issue. The "Spy Game" subtitles were the largest I have ever seen. I have seen others that are barely readable, even on a big-screen monitor. I haven't done much with subtitles yet, so I don't know what font size, and what typeface works best, or what color would be correct. I assume you don't want to use pure white, which would result in "illegal" (too white) video).

Another question has to do with how many lines of text should be used. Again, Spy Games used 3-4 lines of text at times, which put the titles well up into the screen. However, even more conventional subtitles are often two lines.
alexz wrote on 8/14/2004, 12:33 PM
I think the position (conventionally) is middle/bottom of the screen, though I know that in the US and for certain hearing-impaired subtitles they are split to show which character is speaking. The usual format for multiple speakers is as follows:

Hi, John. How are you?
- Fine, thanks. - That's great.

There are some TV channels which use colour-coded text to show the different speakers.

I personally wouldn't go over two lines of text, since this starts to get difficult to read, plus it takes up too much of the screen.

I guess the optimal size is about 15% of the screen vertically by 70% horizontally, so you should choose your font to accomodate max. 40 characters per line, and obviously not make it too small.
The normal colour is (that I see most often) is white, with a black shadow - although I don't know about illegal colours. Any other colour tends too be too distracting to watch.

There are some technical issues with DVD (format, size etc.) which I think some of the more technically-proficient guys in the forum knwo more about than I do.